This indicates that the novel situation of simulator training was perceived as more stressful than routine training with a horse. 05) than those during training with a horse but did not change acutely with the simulated or real show jumping efforts. Salivary cortisol concentrations from 60 minutes before to 60 minutes after simulator training were higher ( P <. In this study, we have compared salivary cortisol, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) variables, standard deviation of beat-to-beat interval and root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences, in 12 riders jumping a course of obstacles on a horse and on a riding simulator.
Recently, equestrian riding simulators have become available for dressage, jumping, polo, or racing.
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